Logic 4.1-4.2

4.1
A Categorical Proposition relates that either all or part of one class denoted by the subject term is included in or excluded from the class denoted by the predicate term

•Note that the subject term and predicate term are not the same things the subject and predicate respectively.

All A is B: (the whole subject class is included in the predicate class)
No A is B: (the whole subject class is excluded form the predicate class)
Some A is B: (part of the subject class is included in the predicate class)
Some A is not B: (part of the subject class is excluded from the subject class)

A Categorical Proposition is in Standard Form if it expresses these relations clearly.

Standard Form: Quantifier—Subject Term—Copula—Predicate Term

All S are not P is not standard form because it is ambiguous (No S is P v Some S is not P)

4.2
Quality (Universal or Affirmative), Quantity (Universal or Particular), and Distribution (make up the essential parts of a standard categorical proposition.

A (Universal Affirmative): All S is P
E (Universal Negative): No S is P
I (Particular Affirmative): Some S is P
O (Particular Negative): Some S is not P

Distributions
A= Only the S term is fully distributed
E= S and P terms are fully distributed
I= No term is distributed
O= Only the P term is fully distributed